Usage of Pentaerythritol
in Korea, large amount(about 80% of total production) is used in alkyd resin and resin's ester , which are mainly used in paint industry .
The remainder is used in the manufacture of polyether , polyesters, plasticizer , stabilizers, synthetic dry oil, PETN, penton resin, synthetic lubricant, etc.
Di-pentaerythritol , which is obtained as a by-product of the pentaerythritol synthesis reaction, is used in the preparation of drying oil, rosin esters and alkyd resins.
Surface-coating compositions derived from di-pentaerythritol are more viscous and faster drying than the mono-pentaerythritol products, and they from coatings that have improved hardness , gloss and durability.
This is also used in the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants, waxes and fire- retardant composition.
Summarization of Usage
1 . Alkyd resin
2 . Synthetic drying oil
3 . Plasticizer
4 . Rolling-oil
5 . Fire-retardant
6 . Wax
7 . Textile finishing
8 . Resin ester
9 . Synthetic rubber softener
10. Explosive
11. Polyester for urethane
12. P.V.C stabilizer
13. Mineral oil additive
14. Anti-rumple agent for fiber
15. Pentone resin
16. Surfactants
17. Cosmetics
18. Paint swelling agents
Esters
Alkyd Resins
Alkyd Resins are Polymeric esters resulting from the condensation of a polyhydric alcohol with a dibasic acid and mono basic fatty acid.
when a pentaerythritol is used as the alcohol comonent of an alkyd resin in place of glycerol, the resulting resins increase in viscosity at a more rapid rate and have improved drying characteristics ,better gloss and outstanding resistance to water and to alkalies.
pentaerythritol finds its principal use in the manufacture of long oil and medium oil alkyds. As compared to the glycerol producs these alkyds dry faster at longer oil lengths to films having superior hardness , gloss and resistance to chemicals and to water.
these pentaerythritol alkyds are widely used in architectural enamels , interior gloss paints . Marine finishes, automotive finishes and printing inks
MODIFIED ALKYD RESINS
Modified alkyd resins are produced by compolymerization of pentaerythritol alkyd with other chemicals and resins. These resins show improved chemical and physical properties.
Vinyl modified alkyd resins
Phenol-modified alkyds
Used as vehicles in floor varnishes ,auto motive chassis primers, and baked or air-dried ,industrial enamels , and also used as impregnating generator armatures
Amine-modified alkyds
Used as thixotropic vehicles for coatings and printing inks , and varnish, paper and textile finishing.
Silicome-modified alkyd
Used in the manufacture of hard durable, heat-resistant , non-yellowing surface coating composition.
Di isocyanate-modified alkyds
Resin-modified alkyds
Used as flat wall paint vehicles , baking enamels, interior enamels, marine paints, asphalt coating, chewing gum bases, printing ink and linoleum finish.
ESTERS OF ORGANIC ACID
Plasticizer
For cellulose acetate, cellulose esters , and polyvinyl chloride resins
Synthetic lubricants
For turbojet and turboprop aircraft engines.
Softening agents for textiles
Foaming inhibitor of synthetic rubber latex base
water emulsion paints , dye media, protein solutions, casein and soy flour size.
Emulsifying agent in a metal-working lubricant
Solvent for acrylonitrile polymers.
Plant growth regulator.
Mineral oil additives
For reducing the formation of lacqure and carbon deposits and preventing corrosion in engines.
Waxes
For plasticizers, emulsifiers, mold release for urea formaldehyde resins.
Insecticides
For red spinder mites and other soft-bodied insects.
Explosives
For gelatinizing agents for PETN and other explosives.
SYNTHETIC DRYING OILS
When drying oils, semidrying oils or fatty acids derived from these oils are reacted with pentaerythritol synthetic drying oils are obtained which are superior to the naturally occurring drying oilsin their processing characteristics and film properties.
Used for vehicles in paints, enamels and printing inkes and manufacturing of mastic floor covering, core oils, protective coating and coating composition for asbestos, paper , other fibrous materials and antioxidant for fish oil.
Ethers
Ethers of pentaerythritol are used as plasticizer for cellulosic resins and ingredients of alkyd and other resins.
Ethers of pentaerythritol chlorides are used in preparation of sulfonated detergents.
Unsaturated ethers of the pentaerythritols are used as ingredients of drying oils, polyesters and alkyd resins.
Hydroxyalkyl ethers of the pentaerythritols are used as emulsifying agents, textile lubricants, wetting agents, and emulsifiers for petroleum emulsions of the water- in-oil type, because of their hydrophilic properties.
The fatty acids esters of the hydroxyalkyl ethers are used as emulsifiers, wetting agents, dispersing agents, color stabilizers, for chocolate, viscosity reducing agents for polyvinyl and nitrocellulose resins.
The polyethers derived from 3.3-bis ( chloromethyl ) - oxacyclobutane are used in molded gears and valves and in coatings for metals and as insulating materials for electrical conductors Used for casting resins adhesives.
Acetals and ketals
The acetals and the acetal esters of the pentaerythritol are used as plasticizers for synthetic rubbers such as butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, PVC, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate.
Pentaerythritol diisobutyraldehyde acetal is used as synergist for nicotine insecticides.
The dipropionaldehyde acetal is used as a mosquito repellent.
Pentaerythritol acrolein resins are used as the bonding agent for grinding wheels, as a coating for
electrical condenser wrappings and as an adhesive for bonding paper to fabrics.
Mono and di-pentaerythritol glyoxal resins are used as textile finishing agents.
Halides
The halides of pentaerythritol are used starting materials in the preparation of other pentaerythritol derivatives.
The bromides are used in preparing amines, sulfur derivatives, ethers, and hydrocarbons. The chlorides are used in the synthesis of polymeric ethers.
Pentaerythritol tetrabromide and tetrachloride have been reported to have insecticidal activity.
Mono benzyl pentaerythritol mono chloride is used as plasticizer for amine-formaldehyde resins to increase water resistance.
Amines
Substituted amines prepared by the reaction of the tetraamine of pentaerythritol with an aldehyde have been used as antioxidants in gasoline and lubricating oils.
Nitrates
The nitrates of pentaerythritol are widely used as a military and industrial explosives.
